Aeroplane.



A, E. HOLBROOK.

AEROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED JAN.19. 1910;

Patented Feb. 10,1914.

4 SHEETS BHEET 1.

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEYS A. E. HOLBBOOK.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION 11.51) .TAN.19, 1910. 1,086,91 6. Patented Febifl, 1914.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2,

ATTORNEYS lliLFeilLFiFiLiL W/T/VESSES.

A. E. HOLBROOK.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.1'9,1910.

Patented Feb. 10, 1914.

4 SHEETS-ST a.

. ATTORNEYS E. HOLBRQO'K.

AEROPLANE.

A'PPLIGATION FILED J A N.l9,1910.

Patented. Feb. 10, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

gab 52,9.

. WITNESSES.

ATTORNEYS ra ns rarnnr orri ARTHUR snares nomseoox, 0F JOPLIN,iarssoonr.

'AEROPLANE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 1851914.

Application filed January l9, 1910. SeriaLNo. 538,833.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that LARTHIER ERPJTT H01.- nnooK,a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Joplin, in the countyof Jasper and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Aeroplanes, of which the following is a spec fiwith thesmallest possible amount of weight,

.1161'80f, Figure 1 is a side view of the im-" wherein the balancingwill be aiiltomatic, and. wherein a plurality of rudders is providedoperated by a single shaft.

a .A. further obiect is to provide afnovel.

form of propeller, wherein the angle of the operating-simface of alltheblades may be simultaneously varied. w I

A further object is to provide .a novel method of attaching the coveringto thesup-- porting planes or. wings, and for easily stretchmg the same-Referring to the drawings forming'a part provement, Fig. ,2 is a topplan view, 3 isan end View, Fig. at is an enlarged detail view of aportion of a wing,: Fig. 5 is a section on the line 55 :of Fig. at.Fig.-6 is a diagrammatic crosssection of the front of Fig. 1, showingthe mounting of the guiding propeller shaft, unnecessary parts beingomitted, Fig. 7 is a detail," perspective view of the rudder, Fig. 8 isa similar view ofthe operating mechanism for the same, Fig. 9 is anenlarged perspective View of one of the balancingplanes, Fig. 10 is anenlarged front View of a portion of the propeller, Fig. 11 is anend viewof a propeller blade, Fig. l2'is a vertical section of the propellerlnih, and Fig. l3 is a front view of the-same.

In the embodiment of the invention shownin the drawings, a centralframework is provided, consistmg of the upper andv lowerlongitndinalstrips 1 and 2, connected by uprights 3, and by cross bars 4.. andlateral wings, fournin number, two upon each side of the centralframework.

The wings 'are similarin construction, each consisting of a rectangularframe, composed of side strips 5 and vend strips 6, the

side strips being connectedv bycross strips 7.

and the end strips being connected by similar cross strips 8. The frameofseach wing is also covered by a flexible preferably fabric covering 9,and the inner side strip of each wing is-connectecl with the adjacentupper longitudinal strip 1 of ,the central frame work.

The covering preferably .of canvas is arranged on the under side of theframework, and is preferably a few inches larger than the frame, andedges of the covering are provided with spaced eyelets 11, (Fig. 4.)-

A rod 12 is arranged on the upper side of the frame, being securedinplace by. bearin'gringS 13, and a'lace let is passed through the eyeletsand around the rod, so that the cover may be stretched evenly andsmoothly on the frame. e

The planes or wings above described, have at heir-outer sides, at spacedinter-- vals, vertical bolts l5, which pass through the strips andextend above and below, and on each end of each bdlt isa sleeve 16.,having an-eye l7, from which" extends a guy w1re 18 to a central mast19, a turn buckle 2O bein i-nt erposed in each guyv wire.

A ru der is arranged at the rear end of the-central frame work, the saidrudder consistin of three blades- 22, 21 and 21.

The bla cs 21 and 21 are arranged edge to' r edge, and are hingedtogether at, their meeting edges, and are normally in the same plane.The blade 22 is arranged in vertical position, and its front edge ishinged to the central frame work. 4 The blade 21 and the blade 22 arearranged incrossed relation. the said blades intersecting at theirtransverse medial lines. The said plates are of any desiredconstruction, preferably of a light rigidmaterial.. I

The frame to which the blade 2 is hinged is composed of longitudinalstrips 23 connected by vertical strips 24, and diagonal, braces 25 arearranged between the strips 23 and 24. A segmental hracket 26 .is .se-

. the blade 22supports .the blades 21 and 2-1.

A cord 33 is connected to the center of the the brackets 2G,.and each ofthe said cords,

29, 30, and extend forwardly to steering mechanis njto be described,

A rectangular frame 28 issupported' near: the front of the centralframe, between two" strips 3 of the said central frame, and the saidframe 28 is pivoted at 31 to the strips 3.' The pivot pins 31 arearranged at the center of'the end members of the frame 28, and a pulley32 is connected to the inner end of each of the said pivot pins. Thewires 33 before mentioned extend forwardly from the brackets-32, andinwardly where they wind in opposite directions upon a drum 34, securedto a shaft 35, journaled vertically at the center of the frame 28, and ahand wheel 86 is secured to the upper end of the, shaft for operatir thesaid shaft.

The wires 29 extend forwardly from the upper ends of the brackets 26 tilat connection with theupper corners of the frame 28, and the wires 30extend forwardly from the lowercorners of the brackets to the lowercorners of the said frame-28.- It will be evident that by means of thehand wheel :36, the frame 28 may beoscillaled on the pivot pin 31,toswing the segmentary brackets 26 and the plate 21 connected thereto, onthe blade 21 When the upper end of the shaft '35 is pulled rearwardly,the free edge of the blade 21 is swung downwardly. WVhen the shaft isrotated by means of the hand wheel, one of the cords'or wires-33 iswound on the frame, while the other is unwound, and the three blades 21,21 and 22 are swung laterally with respect to the frame 28, Ql, 25, thedirection of movement depending upon the direction the shaft is turned.

A shaft 37 is journaled in a horizontal position at the front of thecentral frame, in a bearing 38 supported between two bolts 39, whichconnect two substantially vertically arranged braces 40 extendingbetween and connected at their ends with the upper and lower cross-bars41., and in a bearing 42 in front of the frame, and supported by linksThe inner end of the shaft is provided with a pulley ell, and the outerwith a propeller to be described.

Vertical shafts 4A and 45 are journalednear each end of the centraframe, and each shaft supports on its upper end a propeller,

similar to the propeller on the shaft 37.

Each of the propellers (l igs. 10, 11, 12 and 13) consists of a hubcomposed of two sections 47 and 47. Each section is provided at each endwith aflange 484-8 the flange 48 being interrupted and having openings49, while the flange 48 is provided with arc shaped slots 57. Thesections are'placed with theflan ges 48* abutting, and are securedtogether by bolts 58 passing through the slots,

frame 59, Covered by a covering (30, and, each is secured by its apex toa flange 48, by means of bolts 61. Each side of the frame of one bladeis continnoiis with the corresponding'side of the frame of the otherblade of the propeller, as shown in Fig. 10, and the center or junctionofthe sides is bolted to the flange 4-8 of the adjacent sec- ,tion bybolts 61.

The covering is provided at one edge with n series of eyelets 62 and ata point somewhat. removed from the other edge with a second series 63.to lit the frames, and are placed thereon, and secured inplace by a lace64-, the arrangementbeing such that the fran'i-e is completely coveredon one side, and partially covered on the other side. it will be evidentthat by rotatingthe hub sections with respect to each other,- the angleof the blade may be increased or diminished.

Each of the shafts 44: and 45 is provided with a pulley 50, and thepulleys are con nected by belts 51, with pulleys 52, on; a vertiralshaft journaled near the center of the central frame, and. proi 'lded atits upper end with av pulley 54 connected'by a belt 55,

with the'pulley ell on the shaft 37. Two pulleys 56 are provided aboveand on each side of the pulley ll to change the direction of the belt.The shaft is the power shaft, and may be connected toand driven by anysuitable motor. the said shaft is rotated by the motor, the propellerswill all be set in motion.

One or more balancing planes 65 shown more particularly in Fig. 9 arearranged on each side of the central frame, being snpported by the frameof the adjacent wing, and the balancing planes are preferably near thefront of the machine. The said planes are constructed inany' usual ordesired manner, preferably of a light substantially rectangular framehaving a suitable covering.

The coverings are shaped It will be evident that when shaft 75 supportedfor lateralswinging movement in any suitable manner, near the front ofthe machine, the lower end having a Weight 76 of suitable size, and thecord. 73 is connected with the shaft. I

' and is provided With a hand wheel 83 for. operating the same. The mast19', to which.

masses The connection between the planes and the pendulum shaft is eachthat when the machine tips to one side, with a consequentswinging of thependulum shaft, the balancing planes will be swung to compensate, thusuutoimitically righting the machine.

The strips of the: central frame are braced against each other by theangular brackets 77, shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 6, and forks '58 dependfrom the end uprights of the central frame, between whose arms 79 arejournaled rubber tired wheels 80, and braces 81 are arranged between thearms and the frame.

A- controlling shaft 82 is journaled vertically near the center .of thecentral frame,

theguy wires supporting the side wings are connected, is braced by anarched brace 84, the shaft 4.4 being also braced by the same brace, anda similar brace the shaft 45.

The cord 73'passes through an eye 86 the pendulum shaft, andbuttons 87are ar-** ranged on each side of the eye, to permit;

some lost movement.

When the swinging frame shown in Fig. 8', is oscillated on the pivotpins 31 by means of the shaft-35, the rudder '21 is swung on itstransverse axis, the free edge thereof being lifted or lowered to steerthe flying machine vertically, that is, to raise or lower the same. Whenthe wheel 36 is turned, the

rudder-22 is swung laterally on the auxiliary frame 23, and the planes21 and 2l 'do not change their horizontal position, remaining inalinement and substantially horizontal.

\Yhen however the swinging frame is moved, as before stated, and theWheel 36 is turned, a combined movement is obtained, on the part of therudder. This movement consists of lateral swinging of the plane 22,

and vertical swinging of the plane '21, andthe two planes may thustogether act tobalance the planes somewhat in'the same manner as thewarpable wing tips now in use. lhe plane 21 is fixed with respect to theplane 22, and, moves with the said plane 22 from side to side.

I claim: a

1. In an aeroplane, a central frame, wings on each side, of the frame. aframe extending.

rearwardly from the central frame, and a rudder supported by saidframe,said rudder comprising a plane hinged on a vertical axis to theframe, a second transverse-plane at the center of said first namedplane, and a third plane hinged to the rear edge of the second plane,segmental bracket-s secured to the ends of the third plane near thehinged edge, a swinging frame pivoted near the front of the centralframe on a horizontal axis transversely of the central frame, a

- connection between the corners of theswingof said first named plane,

85 is provided for ing flame and the adj acent and corresponding ends ofthe brackets, a. shaft at the center of the swinging frame, a pulley ateach end of said frame, and a cord connected with each rearwardly fromthe central frame, and arudder supported by said frame, said ruddercomprising a plane hinged on a vertical axis to the frame, a transverseplane at the center hinged to the rear edge of the second plane, and acommon means for swinging all of said planes.

.3. In an aeroplane, a wing composed of a substantially rectangularframe, rods secured on the upper face of the wing parallel with one sideedge and with oneend'edge, a cover of-fabriomaterial on the under faceof the frame, the cover being of greater length and breadth than theframe, and se-.

cured to the frame at the edges remote from the rods, and having rows ofeyelets at the edges ad acent to the rods, andlaces passing through theeyelets and over the rods.

, 4. In an aeroplane, a wing composed of a substantially rectangularopen frame, and a cover on the-under face of the frame and of greaterarea than the frame, andsecured to the frame at one sideand one end, the

; opposite end and side of the cover being provided with spaced eyelets,a rod on the/opposite face of the frame from the cover and adjacenttothe eyelets, and laces passing through the eyelets and over the rods.

5. In an aeroplane, a Wing-composed of a substantially rectangular openframe, and a cover on the frame, and of greater. area than the frame,and secured to the frame at one side and one end, the opposite end andside of thecover being provided with spaced eyelets, a rod ontheopposite .face of the frame from the cover and adjacent to the eyelets,and laces passing'through the eyelets and over the rods. p I

6. In an aeroplane, a wing composed of an open frame, a cover of fabricmaterial on the frame, and secured thereto by adjacentsides, the othersides having spaced eyelets, rods on the opposite side of the frame fromthe cover and adjacent to the eyelets, and laces passing through theeyelets and over the rods. v

7. In an aeroplane, a main frame, asapporting' plane at each side ofthe-main.

frame, a balancing plane at each side of the main frame and near thefront thereof, said planes'being mounted to swing on an axis transverseto the 'mainframe and at ap-- proximately the center of the balancingplane, an arm rigidly connected with each .of the said'planes forswinging the plane on a third plane its axis, an endless cord connectedwith each 'Iin'ited swinging movement to the shaft of the said arms, apulley on each side of without affecting the cord.

each connection over which the cord passes 5- v a. shaft pivoted to themain frame adjacent?- ARTHUR ERRITT HQLBROUL 5 to the cord, 2; Weight onthe lower .end of \Vitnesses:

the shaft, and a slidable connection between U. S. BARNsnmY,

the cord and the shaft, 'for -permit ting a O. A. MAT'I INGLY.

